2 - (SYM 44) Evaluating Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training for the Treatment of Racial Trauma: A Pilot Study to Determine Feasibility and Efficacy

Racial discrimination, whether through microaggressions, systemic inequalities, or historical trauma, can lead to the development of racial trauma (RT). Individuals with RT often experience depression, anxiety, and PTSD-like symptoms, such as hypervigilance, intrusions, and avoidance. Despite its widespread impact, no evidence-based treatments are currently available that specifically address RT. Given its emphasis on improving emotion regulation and learning how to cope with invalidating environments, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) might be a promising intervention for addressing RT as racial discrimination can be considered an invalidating environment that POC are continuously encountering.

The current pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills training for the treatment of RT. We recruited 16 POC with RT, which was assessed via a structured clinical interview specifically designed for diagnosing RT, the UConn Racial/ Ethnic Stress & Trauma Survey (UnRESTS). Participants received 12-14 weekly sessions of DBT skills training. Skills were selected across the four modules of DBT, and participants were taught the skills using examples of racial discrimination tailored to each participant based on the information from the UnRESTS. Participants completed racial trauma, depression, and anxiety symptom measures at pre- and post-treatment, and a satisfaction measure at post-treatment.

While data collection is ongoing, our preliminary results suggest that DBT skills training may be a feasible and effective treatment for addressing RT. Paired samples t-test revealed that, amongst treatment completes thus far (n = 5), there was significant improvement for racial trauma symptoms, t(4) = 4.014, p = .008; depressive symptoms, t(4) = 5.463, p = .003; and anxiety symptoms, t(4) = 4.704, p = .005. Participants were also highly satisfied with the treatment they received (M= 29.2, SD = 1.30) and their therapist (M = 30, SD = 0). All participants also reported that they believed the treatment helped them with their problems. However, whatever conclusions can be drawn from these preliminary results are limited due to the small sample size. Data collection will conclude in late spring of 2025, and we will present on our full findings, limitations, and next steps for addressing RT with DBT skills training. Our findings will inform future intervention development efforts for RT which will ultimately improve mental health outcomes and treatment accessibility for POC experiencing RT.